Fat and oil are very
important ingredients of food. It is the most important element which creates
energy. Like protein and carbohydrates, fat is also needed. The fat stored in
our body as energy. It helps to formulate human cells.
Structure
Fat is formed with the
chemical admixture of glycerol and fatty acid. That is glycerol + fatty acid
fats. Among the substance of fat, oil, fat, ghee, butter are important. The
characteristics of fat depend on the characteristics of fatty acid. The fatty
acid which has saturated carbon is called fats. For example, fish, fat of
meats, Ghee, Egg Groundnut, Butter, Milk, Oil, Fish Oil dalda etc.
The fats which has
unsaturated fatty acid is called oil. For example soyabean oil.
Classification of fats
Due to the structural
characteristics of fat, some fats are found in liquid form and the others are
found in hard form. As per the origin, the fats are of three types, such as; (1)
animal fats, (2) animal oils & (3) plant oils.
Animal fats
It includes foods like ghee,
butter, fat, the yolk of an egg, meat with fat, cheese etc.
Animal oil
It is found in animal’s oil
and in the livers of fish.
Plant oils
It is found in oil seeds
like mustard, soyabean, sesame seeds, linseed, maize, coconut, olive, sunflower
oil. It is also found in different types of nuts.
Sources of fats and oil
Ghee, butter, fat, oil of
fish, fatty meat, yolk of eggs, milk, margarine, vegetables, oil of oil-seeds,
mustard, sesame oil, linseed, maize, soybean, nut, coconut are the best examples
of fatty food and oil.
Functions of Fat and
oils
(1) Fat and oil create more
energy than carbohydrates
(2) They prevent the loss
of energy
(3) They help to keep the
skin shiny and protect the skin form skin diseases
(4) Some vitamins help in
absorption.
Requirements of fats and
oils
In every day meal, there
should be 15 grams of animal fats and 5-10 gram oil. About
20-30 % of the total
calories of a human being should come from fat and oil. To meet the
requirements of the calories of a human being, it is recommended to take 30-60 gram
fat every day.
Deficiency of fats and
oils
(1) If there is a
continuous deficiency of fat and oil in food, the deficiency of some vitamins
occurs in the body. These are fat soluble vitamins, such as A, D, E, K.
(2) Deficiency of fat and
oil for a long time makes the wastage of the reserved protein and creates
weight loss.
(3) The body becomes dry
and loses its beauty.
(4) Lack of essential fatty
acid creates eczema in the children and the aged people lose the resistance
power of the body.
Effects of excess fat
Excessive intake of fat is
harmful for the human body. Overweight is the result of excessive fat intake
which destroys the natural beauty of the body. Excess fat leads to high blood
pressure and heart diseases.
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